（一）
两者都可表示“这样”、“如此”之意。
so为副词,用来修饰形容词或副词,即：so+adj. / adv.
such为形容词,用来修饰名词,即：such+n.。
如果修饰单数可数名词(名词前有形容词修饰),须把不定冠词a或an置于such的后面,形容词的前面,即：such+a+adj.+n.。如：
Why did he come home so late? 为什么他回家这么晚？
I'm afraid I can't remember —it was such a long time ago.
很抱歉,我想不起来了——那是很久以前的事了。
此外,当such修饰带形容词的单数可数名词时,such+a+adj.+n.可替换成so+
adj.+a+n.；
当many, much, few, little这些表示“多”、“少”的不定量的形容词修饰复数名词或不可数名词,构成名词短语时,一般只能用so修饰,不能用such修饰。如：
She is such a nice girl that our teacher likes her very much.
= She is so nice a girl that our teacher likes her very much.
她真是个好女孩,我们的老师很喜欢她。
There are so many flowers in the garden. 花园里有这么多花!
So与such是英语中两个常用词.这两个词的用法很多,且易混淆,初学英语者往往搞不清楚,因而使用是经常出错.本文就它的一些用法作一粗浅讨论.讨论主要以分析实例进行.
首先,我们应该弄清so是副词,修饰形容词和副词,在句中充当状语.Such为形容词修饰名词,在句中作定语,请看下面几个句子.
① The fish is so long.
② Don't drive so fast, it's dangerous.
③ Fred is so good a man.
④ It was such interesting meeting.
⑤ There were such a lot of people.
以上句子中,①,②句比较简单,so为副词,分别修饰形容词long和副词fast.③句中的so修饰good,可用形容词such改为:
Fred is such a good man.
这句话和原句的意义不变,但用so要用so+adj+a/an+n.的结构来表达.用such需用such+a/an+adj+n.的结构来表达.④句中仍可按③的形式表达,但也可写成:
The meeting was so interesting.
其句意不变.⑤句中的such也可换为so,但更据习惯搭配,应将a lot of 变为many为宜,如其后所修析的名词为不可数名词,还需将a lot of改为much.如:
With such a lot of time,they should have finished their homework
用so则为:
With so much time, they so have finished their homework.
因此遇到这种情况,我们可将such+a lot of+n.结构变为so+many/much+n.结构
再看这样一个句子:
The enemy scattered in such a hurry.
可改为:The enemy scattered so hurriedly.又如:
The plane flies at such a speed.
则可写成:The plane flies so fast.
这样的句子为such+a/an+n结构,改为so+adv结构其义不变.
在so……that—clause中和such……that---clause中,我们也可参照以上的结构来进行转换.
下面我再就so和such的其它用法作一讨论.
先看so的一个用法:替代.
①I enjoyed the music and so did my wife.
②If my brother is allowed to go out, so should I be.0
③You are young, so am I
④ I love sport. So do you.
A ⑤She will learn English, and so shall I, and so will her sister.
A组五个句子,都表示前面的情况也适合后者的情况,但主语不指同一人.需用下面的结构表达:
So+ be/have/do/助动词+主语
①Tomorrow will be your birthday. You are right, so it will.
②It was cold yesterday. Yes, so it was.
③Father, you promised to buy it for me.
④I hoped to win and so I shall.
B组so所引起的句子,实际上是对前面句意的重复,从语气上更加肯定前句的意思,肯定无疑,信十足.在这种句子中,主语所指相同,那么应用下面结构来表达:
So+主语+be/have/do/助动词
就A,B两组句子,我们不难看出,在这种结构中,so替代的不外乎三种情况:谓语,谓语的一部分或非谓语动词短语.
再看such作代词的一个用法.
在英语学习中,我们会碰到如下的句子:
① Such were the results.
② Such is his fate.
③ Such are the facts.
好多书中谈及such是作主语.但是,我也注意到要such之后的be是随着其后的形式而变化的.我认为似乎作表语更容易理解些.如下面的句子:
④ Such is life.
⑤ Such were his words.
⑥ Such is her reward.
以上三例均出自《牛津现代高级英汉双解辞典》,它指明such在此均作表语使用.另陕西人民出版社出版的《简明英语语法》也有同样的观点:
Such is the power of the press; such the state of man.
由此看来,such在这种句子中作表语讲要好些,从语法角度也更好解释.
so big a bag =such a big bag
so与such巧分辨
so与such都有“如此、这么、那么”的意思，可进行同义改写，但用法不同。
1. so是副词，修饰形容词和副词；而such是形容词，修饰名词。它们后面接单数可数名词时，词序不同。
so的词序为：so+ adj. + a(an) + n.
such的词序为：such +a(an) +adj. + n.
它们可以表达同样的意思，因此它们可以进行同义改写。
so nice a coat =such a nice coat 这么漂亮的一件外套
so interesting a book = such an interesting book 那么有趣的一本书
补给站：后面接复数名词或不可数名词时，只能用such，而不能用so。如：
such beautiful flowers 这么美丽的花
such clever children 如此聪明的孩子
但是，复数名词或不可数名词前有many，few，much，little修饰时，只能用so而不能用such，这是一种固定用法。如：
so many books 这么多书
so few people 这么少的人
so much money 那么多的钱
so little milk 那么少的牛奶
2. 和“that”连用时，意思基本一样，但句型结构不同。“so…that…”句型结构为：
so + adj. (adv.) +that…
so + adj. +a(an)+单数n. +that…
so +many(few)+复数n. +that…
so +much(little)+不可数n. +that…如：
This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 这本书如此有趣，我已经看了三遍。
He spoke so fast that we couldn’t understand him. 他说得太快，我们都未能听懂他的话。
It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 天气很热，谁都不想干活。
There were so many people that we could hardly move on. 这么多人，我们简直无法继续往前走。
“such…that…”句型结构为：
such + a (an)+adj. +单数n. +that…
such + adj. +复数n. +that…
such +adj. +不可数n. +that…
She is such a pretty girl that everyone likes her. 她是个很可爱的小姑娘，大家都喜欢她。
They are such delicious cakes that I want to eat another two. 这么可口的蛋糕，我还想再吃两块。
It is such sweet milk that we all want to drink it. 这么香的牛奶，我们都想喝。
补给站：由于so 和such后跟单数可数名词时，可以换用，同样“so…that…”与“such…that…”也可以进行同义句改写。如上文中：This book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 可改写成：This is such an interesting book that I have read it three times.
It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 可改写成：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
3. so与that可以直接构成词组“so that”，引导目的和结果状语从句，表示“以便、以致”的意思。如：
He worked hard so that he could pass the exams. 为了能通过考试，他学习很认真。（但such没有这种用法）
so/such,so...that/such...that 用法辨析
so...that,too...to 和enough to的转换
经典考题：
一 用so和such填空。
1. Our teacher teaches us ______ well that we are all thankful to him.
2. I took a taxi ______ that I could catch the train.
3. There is _______ little milk that I have to buy some.
4. A: He left in _______ a hurry that he forgot to lock the door.
B: He left ______ hurriedly that he forgot to lock the door.
5. A: There are ________ many people in the street that we couldn’t move on.
B: There are ______ a lot of people in the street that we couldn’t move on .
6. A: It is ______ a large room that it can hold 100 people.
B: It is _______ large a room that it can hold 100 people.
二 单选
1. There is eating grass on the hill .
A. so little sheep B. so a little sheep
C. such little sheep D. such a little sheep
2. It was lovely weather we decided to have a picnic.
A. such a; that B. such;that C. such;as D. so;that
3. It was so exciting a trip.
It was trip.
4. Our school sports meeting was success that we enjoyed ourselves very much .
A. such a great B. a such great C. so a graet D. a so great
Keys:
一 1. so 2. so 3. so 4. A: such B: so 5. A: so B: such 6. A: such B: so
二1.D 2. B 3. such an exciting 4. A
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